The National Science Foundation funded FORCE through an award intended to further the field of high pressure research in the United States. FORCE Award Abstract #2131833

The details of this funding and the abstract associated with FORCE are available for public viewing. FORCE’s implementation grant is a Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure awarded under the Division Of Earth Sciences.

Liebermann, R. C. (2011). Multi-anvil, high pressure apparatus: a half-century of development and progress. High Pressure Research, 31(4), 493–532. DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2011.618698.

This paper is a primer on multi-anvil science.

Leinenweber et al. (2012). Cell assemblies for reproducible multi-anvil experiments (the COMPRES assemblies). American Mineralogist. 97. 535. DOI: 10.2138/am.2012.3844.

This paper details FORCE’s PI’s successful effort to standardize multi-anvil experimental assemblies across multiple labs and continents. This project was part of COMPRES and describes the types of multi-anvil assemblies we use in FORCE.

Stoyanov et al. (2010). Large-volume multi-anvil cells designed for chemical synthesis at high pressures. High Pressure Research, 30(1), 175–189. DOI: 10.1080/08957950903422444 

Part of the appeal of FORCE is the ability to use larger sample volumes (and take those volumes to higher pressures) than were possible before. This requires a multi-anvil experimental assembly able to hold those volumes, the specifics of which are detailed here.

Leinbach et al. (2023). Large volume multi-anvil cell assembly for hydrothermal synthesis and conversions up to 6.5 GPa and 400°C. High Pressure Research, 43(3), 231–250. DOI: 10.1080/08957959.2023.2230348

This paper details a modern and cost-effective variation of the 25/15 experimental assembly that can be used for hydrothermal synthesis in a multi-anvil press, as opposed to the more commonly used autoclave reactor.

Piet, H. et al. (2021). Effects of hydrogen on the phase relations in Fe-FeS at pressures of Mars-sized bodies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126, e2021JE006942. DOI: 10.1029/2021JE006942

This paper is an example of how experimental high-pressure science can be used in the field of planetary geology.